Tenses :काळ

Tenses :काळ

1)Raju eats a mango.

2)Maya made chapatis

3)Aditya will eat an apple.

In the above sentences three events are happened within different times.We know it from the given verbs in the sentences.

A word that indicates When did an events or incidents take place? It is called tenses.

There are three main tenses in english,present tense,past tense and future tense.

1)Present tense shows about the events that is happening or happened before a few period.

2)Past tense indicates the period that already is happened in the past.

3)Future tense describe about the period that will happen in the future.

Helping verbs:

To be:

Present tense : am,is,are

I am a boy.

She is there.

We are boys.

Past tense :was,were

They were doctors.

He was a teacher.

Future tense : will be,shall be

You will do it.

I shall make it.

To have:

Present tense :have,has

It has a car. You have a pen.

Past tense : had

He had a rubber.

Future tense : will have

I will have do it.

Verbs forms:

We know about three forms of verbs.

Example:eat ate eaten

But to indicates the continues tense , it is necessary to write the 'ing' forms of verbs .

Eat  ate  eaten. Eating this form of verb is called the fourth forms of the verbs.And it is very easy to make 'ing'forms.

A)adding 'ing' after some verbs --

Go -going, push-pushing, eat-eating

B)Remove 'e' and then add 'ing'--

Come-coming,take -taking,shake-shaking

C)Removing 'ie' --

Die-dying, lie-lying,tie -tying

D)If last letter is consonant and there is vowel before it...

Run-running, put - putting, cut- cutting etc

E)Last letter is consonant and there are two vowels before it..

Beat - beating, speak - speaking etc.

Adding s/es suffixe to the verbs:

It is very useful to show simple present tense.

1)Adding 's' if there will be the letter 'e' at the end. Take -takes, give -gives etc

2)adding 'es' if the last letters are sh,ch,x,z,o

Wash-washes,catch -catches,go-goes etc.

3)adding 'ies' if there will be 'y' at the end.

Try-tries, cry-cries,fly -flies etc.

Base form is used after : I,They,We,You and plural nouns.But s or es forms is used after He, She,It, Proper noun, Singular common noun etc.

There are four sub-kinds of each tenses.

1)Simple 2) continuous 3)perfect 4) perfect continuous.

Present Tense : 

1)Simple present Tense:

It is used to show habitual activity or something that is true in general.It is not necessary that the action takes place at the time of speaking.

Marathi rule :त फॅमिली

Eng.Rule: S+V1+O

Examples:Birds fly in the sky.

Radha cuts an onion.

They dries onions.

2)Present Continuous Tense :

It is used to show an activity that is going on at the time of speaking.It may also a temporary situation.

Marathi rules:त आहे

Eng Rules:S+am,is,are +V +ing +O

Examples:It is raining. My cow is grazing.

We are watching movies.

3)Present Perfect Tense :

It is used to show an activity that began in the past and it is completed in the present.It may be true even in the future.

Marathi Rules:ल आहे

Eng Rules:S+have/has+V3+O

Examples:She has cooked delicious foods.

You have played cricket match today.

4)Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

It is used to show an activity that begin in the past and continued up to now and is still in progress in the present.

Marathi Rules :त आलेला आहे

Eng Rules:S+Have/has+been+V+ing+O

Examples:I have been eating an apple.

He has been praying for him.

Past Tense:

1) Simple past Tense:

It is used to show an action that happened once in the past .

Marathi Rules:ल फॅमिली

Eng Rules:S+V2 + O

Examples:Madhuri danced well.

It fetched water.

2)Past Continuous Tense:

It indicates an action that was incomplete or was in progress in the past.

Marathi Rules:त होता

Eng Rules:S+was/were+V+ing+O

Examples:Ankita was sleeping here.

They were going to school.

3)Past Perfect Tense :

It shows an activity that occurred in the past before another actions mentioned.Hence it is always used in a sentence that also has the simple past tense.

Marathi Rules:ल होता

Eng Rules:S+had+V3 +O

Examples:I had eaten an apple before they walked in.

We had pressed it.

4)Past Perfect Continuous Tense :

This tense is used to show an activity that occurred in the past before another action mentioned and was still in progress at the time of speaking.

Marathi Rules:त आलेला होता

Eng Rules:S+had+been+V+ing+O

Examples:We had been going while he was there.

I had been dancing when Meera teased me.

Future Tense:

1)Simple Future Tense:

It shows some activity that will occur at a time later than the present .

Marathi Rules:इल,नार,उल,एल,इन,एन,शील

Eng Rules:S+shall/will+V1+O

Examples: Tambe will go to Beed.

We shall come to you .

2)Future Continuous Tense :

It indicates an action that is incomplete or in progress in the future.

Marathi Rules:त असेल

Eng Rules:S+shall/will+be+V+ing+O

Examples:I shall be watching movie.

3)Future Perfect Tense :

It is used to show an activity that will be completed in future.

Marathi Rules :ल असेल

Eng Rules :S+shall/will+have+V3 +O

Examples:Monu will have written a poem.

4)Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

It is used to show an activity that is incomplete and it will occurred at a time later than the present.

Marathi Rules:त आलेला असेल

Eng Rules:S+shall/will+have+been+V+ing+O

Examples:We shall have been putting tomatoes.

She will have been getting things.